The Impact of Prolonged Duration of Untreated Illness on Clinical Correlates in Chronic Schizophrenia: Exploring the Relationship With Suicide Risk.

OBJECTIVE: Studies on duration of untreated psychosis are common in patients with schizophrenia, but few studies have investigated the relationship between duration of untreated illness (DUI) and suicide, especially in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Therefore, we intended to investigate the relationship between DUI and suicide and clinical correlates in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 1,555 Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia were enrolled in this study. DUI was measured in years, reflecting the prolonged untreated periods observed in this population. Clinical correlates were assessed, including symptoms, cognitive functioning, and body mass index. Suicidal ideation and attempts were also examined. Statistical analyses, including multivariate models, were employed to investigate the associations between DUI and clinical correlates while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: The study revealed a significant proportion (23.3%) of patients with chronic schizophrenia in China received their first treatment after a 4-year delay, with the longest untreated duration reaching 39 years. Patients with longer DUI exhibited more severe negative symptoms, lower immediate memory scores, a higher likelihood of being overweight, and surprisingly, a reduced likelihood of suicidal ideation and attempts. Each additional year of untreated illness was associated with a 3% decrease in the risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the prevalence of extended untreated periods in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia and highlight the impact of DUI on negative symptoms, cognitive function, and body weight. Intriguingly, a longer DUI was associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation and attempts.

Sex differences and risk factors of self-reported suicide attempts in middle-aged Chinese Han patients with first-episode drug-naïve anxious depression: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

This study aims to investigate sex differences and risk factors for self-reported suicide attempts among Chinese Han middle-aged patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) anxious depression (AD). A total of 1796 patients with FEDN major depressive disorder were enrolled in this study, including 341 middle-aged patients with AD. We compared the prevalence, demographics, and clinical characteristics of suicide attempts between male and female patients with FEDN middle-aged AD. We also explored the risk factors for self-reported suicide attempts in this population using binary logistic regression analysis. The male/female ratio was 91/250 and the age of onset was 51.50 ± 4.13. Our results showed that there were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of self-reported suicide attempts in middle-aged patients with FEDN AD. However, we did find significant differences in several demographic and clinical characteristics between self-reported suicide attempters and non-suicide attempters. Moreover, severe anxiety, measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score, was identified as a risk factor for self-reported suicide attempts in female middle-aged AD patients. Additionally, elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were linked to self-reported suicide attempts in male AD patients. Our findings suggest that there are no significant sex differences in the prevalence of self-reported suicide attempts in this population, but there may be sex-specific risk factors for self-reported suicide attempts in middle-aged AD. Clinical psychiatrists need to pay attention to thyroid hormone levels in middle-aged anxious depression.

Confined growth of Ultrathin, nanometer-sized FeOOH/CoP heterojunction nanosheet arrays as efficient self-supported electrode for oxygen evolution reaction.

Self-supported electrodes, featuring abundant active species and rapid mass transfer, are promising for practical applications in water electrolysis. However, constructing efficient self-supported electrodes with a strong affinity between the catalytic components and the substrate is of great challenge. In this study, by combining the ideas of in-situ construction and space-confined growth, we designed a novel self-supported FeOOH/cobalt phosphide (CoP) heterojunctions grown on a carefully modified commercial Ni foam (NF) with three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous Ni skeleton (FeOOH/CoP/3D NF). The specific porous structure of 3D NF directs the confined growth of FeOOH/CoP catalyst into ultra-thin and small-sized nanosheet arrays with abundant edge active sites. The active FeOOH/CoP component is stably anchored on the rough pore wall of 3D NF support, leading to superior stability and improved conductivity. These structural advantages contributed to a highly facilitated oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and enhanced durability of the FeOOH/CoP/3D NF electrode. Herein, the FeOOH/CoP/3D NF electrode afforded a low overpotential of 234 mV at 10 mA cm-2 (41 mV smaller than FeOOH/CoP grown on unmodified Ni foam) and high stability for over 90 h, which is among the top reported OER catalysts. Our study provides an effective idea and technique for the construction of active and robust self-supported electrodes for water electrolysis.

A topochemical reaction induced the formation of Bi2S3 micro-straws from a Bi-MOF for an ultra-long Zn storage life.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as promising energy storage devices in the post-lithium-ion era, due to their high energy density, low cost, high safety, and environmental benignity, however their commercialization is hindered by the sluggish diffusion kinetics of cathode materials due to the large hydrate Zn2+ radius. In this work, we propose a unique structure inheritance strategy for preparing Bi2S3 micro-straws in which a metal-organic framework (MOF) denoted as Bi-PYDC (PYDC2- = 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate) with a string of [Bi2O2]2+ chains is judiciously selected as the structure-directing template to induce the formation of micro-straws based on a topochemical reaction. The distinctive hollow structure significantly enhances the ionic storage kinetics. Impressively, the obtained battery exhibits an ultra-long cycle life of more than 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1 while maintaining a capacity of more than 153.4 mA h g-1. In addition, the Zn2+ insertion/extraction mechanism of Bi2S3 micro-straws is also investigated by multiple analytical methods, revealing the involvement of Zn2+ rather than H+ in the electrochemical storage process. This work may lead a new direction for constructing high performance cathodes of Zn-ion batteries through a MOF-based structure-directing template.

Development and validation of a prognostic model for mitophagy-related genes in colon adenocarcinoma: A study based on TCGA and GEO databases.

BACKGROUND: Mitophagy is used by eukaryotic cells to eliminate damaged mitochondria. The deregulation of this process can lead to an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and is implicated in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. Despite increasing evidence that mitophagy is involved in the development of colon cancer, the role of mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) prognosis and treatment remains largely unknown. METHODS: Differential analysis was used to identify differentially expressed mitophagy-related genes associated with COAD and conduct key module screening. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage selection operator, and other analyses were used to characterize prognosis-related genes and verify the feasibility of the model. The model was tested using GEO data and a nomogram was constructed for future clinical application. The level of immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy were compared between the two groups, and sensitivity to treatment with many commonly used chemotherapeutic agents was assessed in individuals with different risk factors. Finally, qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to assess the expression of prognosis-related MRGs. RESULTS: A total of 461 differentially expressed genes were mined in COAD. Four prognostic genes, PPARGC1A, SLC6A1, EPHB2, and PPP1R17, were identified to construct a mitophagy-related gene signature. The feasibility of prognostic models was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics, risk scores, Cox regression analysis, and principal component analysis. At 1, 3, and 5 years, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.628, 0.678, and 0.755, respectively, for TCGA cohort, and 0.609, 0.634, and 0.640, respectively, for the GEO cohort. Drug sensitivity analysis found that camptothecin, paclitaxel, bleomycin, and doxorubicin were significantly different between low- and high-risk patients. The qPCR and western blotting results of clinical samples further confirmed the public database results. CONCLUSIONS: This study successfully constructed a mitophagy-related gene signature with significant predictive value for COAD, informing new possibilities for the treatment of this disease.

Trisodium citrate as a modulation additive to increase the cycling capability of a Bi2S3 cathode in a zinc-ion battery.

3D Bi2S3 materials were prepared by the trisodium citrate (Na3Cit)-assisted solvothermal method and applied to aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) to explore the effect of the electrode material morphology on the electrochemical performance. As the concentration of Na3Cit increases, the 3D assembly morphology evolves from coral-like to sphere-like to snowflake-like structures. The electrochemical test results show that the electrode materials of various morphologies possess excellent cycle life, but the specific capacity varies greatly depending on the morphology. Impressively, the Bi2S3-1.2 electrode has the best electrochemical performance, with a capacity of 203.5 mA h g-1 after 4000 charge/discharge cycles at 0.5 A g-1. Furthermore, the Bi2S3-1.2 electrode delivers an ultralong lifetime of over 10 000 cycles with a capacity of 150.2 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1. This work demonstrates a feasible route to prepare ultra-long cycle life AZIBs.

Bi-MOF Modulating MnO2 Deposition Enables Ultra-Stable Cathode-Free Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The Mn-based materials are considered as the most promising cathodes for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their inherent advantages of safety, sustainability and high energy density, however suffer from poor cyclability caused by gradual Mn2+ dissolution and irreversible structural transformation. The mainstream solution is pre-adding Mn2+ into the electrolyte, nevertheless faces the challenge of irreversible Mn2+ consumption results from the MnO2 electrodeposition reaction (Mn2+  â†’ MnO2 ). This work proposes a "MOFs as the electrodeposition surface" strategy, rather than blocking it. The bismuth (III) pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (Bi-PYDC) is selected as the typical electrodeposition surface to regulate the deposition reaction from Mn2+ to MnO2 . Because of the unique less hydrophilic and manganophilic nature of Bi-PYDC for Mn2+ , a moderate MnO2 deposition rate is achieved, preventing the electrolyte from rapidly exhausting Mn2+ . Simultaneously, the intrinsic stability of deposited R-MnO2 is enhanced by the slowly released Bi3+ from Bi-PYDC reservoir. Furthermore, Bi-PYDC shows the ability to accommodate H+ insertion/extraction. Benefiting from these merits, the cathode-free ZIB using Bi-PYDC as the electrodeposition surface for MnO2 shows an outstanding cycle lifespan of more than 10 000 cycles at 1 mA cm-2 . This electrode design may stimulate a new pathway for developing cathode free long-life rechargeable ZIBs.

3D Co-Doping α-Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets for Ultrastable, High-Rate Ni-Zn Battery.

The α-Ni(OH)2 is regarded as one promising cathode for aqueous nickel-zinc batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of ≈480 mAh g-1 , its practical deployment however suffers from the poor stability in strong alkaline solution, intrinsic low electrical conductivity as well as the retarded ionic diffusion. Herein, a 3D (three dimensional) macroporous α-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets with Co doping is designed through a facile and easily scalable electroless plating combined with electrodeposition strategy. The unique micrometer-sized 3D pores come from Ni substrate and rich voids between Co-doping α-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets can synergistically afford facile, interconnected ionic diffusion channels, sufficient free space for accommodating its volume changes during cycling; meanwhile, the Co-doping can stabilize the structural robustness of the α-Ni(OH)2 in the alkaline electrolyte during cycling. Thus, the 3D α-Ni(OH)2 shows a high capacity of 284 mAh g-1 at 0.5 mA cm-2 with an excellent retention of 78% even at 15 mA cm-2 , and more than 2000 stable cycles at 6 mA cm-2 , as well as the robust cycling upon various flexible batteries. This work provides a simple and efficient pathway to enhance the electrochemical performance of Ni-Zn batteries through improving ionic transport kinetics and stabilizing crystal structure of cathodes.

Self-healing of surface defects on Zn electrode for stable aqueous zinc-ion batteries via manipulating the electrode/electrolyte interphases.

The reversibility and stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries are largely limited by inevitable parasitic reactions at the interface and uncontrollable dendrite growth. Inspired by self-healing smart electronic materials, we propose a confinement strategy with gelatin, an amphiphilic macromolecule, as additive to regulate the deposition behavior of Zn ions and utilize the dendrites to fill the surface defects formed by inevitable interfacial parasitic reactions. Absorbed gelatin molecules impede H2O reaching Zn electrode surface to enhance the anticorrosion behavior and adjust the local pH value, which is a "smart" way to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interphase. Additionally, the confined effect of absorbed gelatin molecules on Zn2+ and "electrostatic shield" formed from positive charged -CN3H5+ suppress 2D diffusion and accumulation of Zn2+, guiding Zn continuously depositing inside the defect during electrochemical cycling, then self-healing of electrode surface defects is achieved. Under the synergetic effects of these merits, Zn electrode demonstrates almost unchangeable surface after soaking in the electrolyte for 10 days, and stably cycle more than 1100 h at 0.5 mA cm-2 and 1300 h at 3.0 mA cm-2 in symmetric cell. In addition, the full batteries using the base electrolyte with 0.5 and 1.0 g/L gelatin can stably cycle for 3000 cycles.

A novel prognostic model based on urea cycle-related gene signature for colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. This study aimed to develop a urea cycle (UC)-related gene signature that provides a theoretical foundation for the prognosis and treatment of patients with CRC. Methods: Differentially expressed UC-related genes in CRC were confirmed using differential analysis and Venn diagrams. Univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were performed to identify UC-related prognostic genes. A UC-related signature was created and confirmed using distinct datasets. Independent prognostic predictors were authenticated using Cox analysis. The Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts algorithm and Spearman method were applied to probe the linkage between UC-related prognostic genes and tumor immune-infiltrating cells. The Human Protein Atlas database was used to determine the protein expression levels of prognostic genes in CRC and normal tissues. Verification of the expression levels of UC-related prognostic genes in clinical tissue samples was performed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: A total of 49 DEUCRGs in CRC were mined. Eight prognostic genes (TIMP1, FABP4, MMP3, MMP1, CD177, CA2, S100P, and SPP1) were identified to construct a UC-related gene signature. The signature was then affirmed using an external validation set. The risk score was demonstrated to be a credible independent prognostic predictor using Cox regression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, IL-17 signaling pathway, and nitrogen metabolism were associated with the UC-related gene signature. Immune infiltration and correlation analyses revealed a significant correlation between UC-related prognostic genes and differential immune cells between the two risk subgroups. Finally, the qPCR results of clinical samples further confirmed the results of the public database. Conclusion: Taken together, this study authenticated UC-related prognostic genes and developed a gene signature for the prognosis of CRC, which will be of great significance in the identification of prognostic molecular biomarkers, clinical prognosis prediction, and development of treatment strategies for patients with CRC.

Controllable 3D Porous Ni Current Collector Coupled with Surface Phosphorization Enhances Na Storage of Ni3 S2 Nanosheet Arrays.

3D porous Ni is fabricated via an easily scalable electroless plating method using a dynamic template formed through in-situ hydrogen bubbles. The pore size in the range of several micrometers is controllable through adjusting the Ni2+ depositing rate and hydrogen bubbles releasing rate. The Ni3 S2 nanosheet arrays anode is then grown on the unique 3D porous Ni current collector followed by subsequent surface phosphorization. The tremendous interconnected pores and rich voids between the Ni3 S2 nanosheet arrays cannot only provide rapid transferring channels for Na+ , but also accommodate volumetric changes of the Ni3 S2 electrode during cycling, guaranteeing the integrity of the active material. In addition, the surface phosphorized layer enhances the electronic conductivity through providing an electron transport highway along the 3D Ni3 S2 , NiP2 layer, and 3D porous Ni current collector, and simultaneously stabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interphase as a protecting layer. Because of these merits, the phosphorized 3D porous Ni3 S2 (3D P-Ni3 S2 ) electrode is capable of delivering an ultra-stable capacity of 387.5 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 , and a high capacity retention of 85.3% even at a high current density of 1.6 A g-1 .

Chaetolactam A, an Azaphilone Derivative from the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium sp. g1.

Chaetolactam A (1), an unprecedented azaphilone derivative bearing a unique 9-oxa-7-azabicyclo[4.2.1]octan-8-onering system, together with two new compounds, 11-epi-chaetomugilide B (2) and chaetomugilide D (3) was isolated from an endophytic fungus, Chaetomium sp. g1. Notably, extensive NMR data analyses, NMR calculations with DP4 and DP4+ analyses, ECD calculations, and the RDC method were employed to establish the structure of 1. Furthermore, 2 exhibited potent apoptosis induction activity by mediating caspase-3 activation and PARP degradation at 3 µM in HL-60.

3D Porous Self-Standing Sb Foam Anode with a Conformal Indium Layer for Enhanced Sodium Storage.

Antimony (Sb) has been considered as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity and moderate working potential but suffers from the dramatic volume variations (∼250%), an unstable electrode/electrolyte interphase, active material exfoliation, and a continuously increased interphase impedance upon sodiation and desodiation processes. To address these issues, we report a unique three-dimensional (3D) porous self-standing foam electrode built from core-shelled Sb@In2O3 nanostructures via a continuous electrodepositing strategy coupled with surface chemical passivation. Such a hierarchical structure possesses a robust framework with rich voids and a dense protection layer (In2O3), which allow Sb nanoparticles to well accommodate their mechanical strain for efficiently avoiding electrode cracks and pulverization with a stable electrode/electrolyte interphase upon sodiation/desodiation processes. When evaluated as an anode for SIBs, the prepared nanoarchitectures exhibit a high first reversible capacity (641.3 mA h g-1) and good cyclability (456.5 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles at 300 mA g-1), along with superior high rate capacity (348.9 mA h g-1 even at 20 A g-1) with a first Coulomb efficiency as high as 85.3%. This work could offer an efficient approach to improve alloying-based anode materials for promoting their practical applications.

Mn2O3/Al2O3 cathode material derived from a metal-organic framework with enhanced cycling performance for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered to be potential candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their high capacity, low cost, high safety and environmental friendliness. A key problem encountered in Mn-based cathodes is the dissolution of Mn2+ that causes significant capacity fading. Herein, a novel Mn2O3/Al2O3 composite material with a microbundle structure was synthesized using a strategy called 'MOFs as precursors'. Uniform distribution of Mn2O3 and Al2O3 with a precise controlled Mn/Al molar ratio can be easily realized using this method. After compositing with Al2O3, the resulting material shows not only a higher capacity but also a better cycling stability (118.0 mA h g-1 after 1100 cycles at 1500 mA g-1) than the pure Mn2O3. Combined with the ICP analysis, it can be deduced that Al2O3 can effectively inhibit the dissolution of Mn2+ from Mn3+ disproportionation. Our result can provide some inspiration for the modification of Mn-based materials and other materials used in zinc ion batteries or other battery systems.

Rational synthesis of Ni3(HCOO)6/CNT ellipsoids with enhanced lithium storage performance: inspired by the time evolution of the growth process of a nickel formate framework.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as novel electrode materials have attracted intensive attention; however, low electronic conductivity hinders their practical application in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). This work reports the synthesis of conductive MOF/CNT composites with enhanced electrochemical reactivity. The growth mechanism of the pristine MOF and the correlations of two components are investigated from the viewpoint of crystal engineering. The time dependent morphology evolution experiment reveals that [Ni3(HCOO)6] undergoes an 'aggregation-based nucleation-growth' mechanism. As a result, [Ni3(HCOO)6]/CNT microsized ellipsoidal particles are controllably synthesized by tuning the reaction time and the reagent concentration, where CNTs penetrate the entire particles thoroughly. The obtained [Ni3(HCOO)6]/CNT composites exhibit significantly enhanced electrochemical activity in comparison with the as-synthesized pristine [Ni3(HCOO)6]. This is ascribed to the effective 3D conductive network constructed by CNTs. Our results provide an effective synthetic strategy to construct conductive MOF/CNT composites, which pave the way for developing other conductive MOFs for electrode materials.

Electrochemical construction of three-dimensional porous Mn3O4 nanosheet arrays as an anode for the lithium ion battery.

Three-dimensional (3D) porous Mn3O4 nanosheet arrays were constructed via an electrodeposition followed by high temperature annealing using 3D porous Cu, prepared by a facile electroless plating method, as the substrate. The 3D pores and voids between the nanosheet arrays were able to provide rapid ion transfer channels, as well as accommodating the volumetric changes of Mn3O4 during the electrochemical cycling. Electrons can directly exchange between the substrate and the nanosheet units, avoiding curving and the long transfer distance in conventional electrodes constructed using casting technology. Furthermore, the nanosheets were transformed into the architecture with smaller sub-nanosheets on the pristine nanosheets after 1 cycle, facilitating ion transferring, and were thoroughly transformed into smaller sub-nanosheets after 1000 cycles but without obvious exfoliation, assuring good electrical contact between the active particles and substrate. Based on the above unique characteristics, the 3D porous Mn3O4 nanosheet arrays could be directly used as a binder-free and conductive-agent-free electrode to deliver ultrahigh electrochemical performance that is much better than achieved in previous reports. The first reversible capacity was 1166.3 mA h g(-1) and remained 667.9 mA h g(-1) after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g(-1). Also, the reversible capacities at high current densities of 10.0 A g(-1) and 20.0 A g(-1) remained high at 416.1 and 216.7 mA h g(-1), respectively.

Soft-template construction of three-dimensionally ordered inverse opal structure from Li2FeSiO4/C composite nanofibers for high-rate lithium-ion batteries.

Exploring a new method to fabricate small-sized nanofibers is essential to achieve superior performances for energy conversion and storage devices. Here, a novel soft-template strategy is developed to synthesize a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) architecture constructed from small-sized nanofibers. The effectiveness of a nanofiber-assembled three-dimensional inverse opal material as an electrode for high-rate lithium-ion batteries is demonstrated. The small-sized Li2FeSiO4/C composite nanofibers with a diameter of 20-30 nm are grown by employing a tri-block copolymer P123 as a structure directing agent. Accordingly, the macro-mesoporous hierarchical 3DOM architecture constructed from Li2FeSiO4/C nanofibers is further templated from P123 for the nanofibers and a polystyrene colloidal crystal array for the 3DOM architecture. We find that the thermal stability of the nanofiber morphology depends on the self-limited growth of Li2FeSiO4 nanocrystals in a crystalline-amorphous hybrid. As a cathode for a lithium-ion battery, the 3D hierarchical macro-mesoporous cathodes exhibit outstanding high-rate and ultralong-life performances with a capacity retention of 84% after 1500 cycles at 5 C in the voltage window of 1.5-4.5 V, which is greatly improved compared with a simple 3DOM Li2FeSiO4/C nanocomposite.

Frequency of involuntary admissions and its associations with demographic and clinical characteristics in China.

Involuntary admissions (IA) continue to be a controversial topic in psychiatry. There have been very few studies investigating the pattern of IA and contributing factors in Chinese psychiatric patients. This study examined the prevalence of IA and its relationships with demographic and clinical characteristics in a large psychiatric institution in Hunan province, China. A consecutively collected sample of 161 psychiatric inpatients was collected. The patients' basic socio-demographic and clinical data including admission types were collected. The frequency of IA was 53.1% in the whole sample. In multiple logistic regression analysis, IA was independently associated with female sex, more recent aggression prior to admission and poorer social function and insight into illness. IA was common in clinical practice in China, and its demographic and clinical correlates are similar to the findings reported from western settings.

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite cathode material for high-capacity and high-rate Li-ion batteries.

A three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material with small-sized macropores (50-140 nm) is successfully synthesized using a colloidal crystal array. The 3DOM architecture is built up from fully densely sintered Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite ceramics particles. Such a 3DOM Li3V2(PO4)3/C micrometer sized particle combines the advantages of both Li3V2(PO4)3 nanocrystal and micrometer sized particle. The resultant 3DOM Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite exhibits a stable and highly reversible discharge capacity up to 151 mA g(-1) at 0.1 C, and an excellent high-rate capability of 132 mA g(-1) at 5 C in the voltage range of 3.0-4.4 V. Compared to the corresponding bulk nanocomposite, the 3DOM Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode exhibits a significantly improved high-rate performance, which promises new opportunities in the development of high energy and high power lithium-ion batteries.

Frequency of physical restraint and its associations with demographic and clinical characteristics in a Chinese psychiatric institution.

PURPOSE: Physical restraint (PR) is a highly controversal topic in psychiatry. Little is known about PR among psychiatric inpatients in China. This study examined the frequency of PR and its relationships with demographic and clinical characteristics among a large psychiatric institution in the Hunan Province, China. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included a consecutively assessed sample of 160 psychiatric inpatients. Sociodemographic and clinical data including use of PR were collected from the medical records using a form designed for this study and confirmed via interview. FINDINGS: The frequency of PR was 51.3% in the whole sample; 63.2% among female and 39.2% among male patients. In multiple logistic regression analysis PR was independently associated with male gender (p = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.6), less outpatient treatment prior to admission (p = 0.03, OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9), more frequent use of mood stabilizers (p = 0.002, OR = 5.6, 95% CI 1.9-16.7), more aggressive behavior prior to admission (p = 0.002, OR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.04-1.2), and younger age (p = 0.04, OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.93-0.99). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: PR is very common in clinical practice in China. Its demographic and clinical correlates are similar to findings in Western settings.